Why Baby Factory Of Underage Girls Are Many In Igboland
28 May, 2013
Three incidents regarding teenage pregnancy in Yorubaland remain evergreen in my memory.
Some
19 years ago, on being told that I was posted to a mixed secondary
school in the South-West for the one-year National Youth Service Corps
scheme, a relative (but born and bred in Yorubaland) warned me with all
seriousness: “Be careful! Yoruba girls are very fertile.” I laughed at
such a ridiculous statement, asking her if fertility had anything to do
with race or ethnicity.
A few months later, while discussing with
a Yoruba friend on our small street (a close in which almost all of us
knew one another), one of the teenage girls on the street passed by with
a protruded stomach...
I was shocked at her pregnancy. My friend
sneered at her and told me that two other girls of her age on the street
were also pregnant. Given my background as someone who grew up in the
South-East, it was strange to me, but I kept quiet to avoid being
accused of bigotry. The Yoruba friend asked me with surprise: “Why is it
that I have never seen a pregnant Igbo girl? Is it that they don’t do
what other girls do?” I laughed heartily but knowingly.
Some
years later, my landlady at that time sent some snacks to me, saying
that her unmarried and unemployed son had had a baby. I was surprised.
Shortly after, the young mother arrived with her son. I thought the
young man had married her. No. She stayed a few months to nurse the
baby, and when the baby was weaned, she departed, leaving the baby
behind with his father. I was shocked. But I sought an explanation. I
saw myself as a baby in kindergarten, being schooled in a different
culture. I learnt that the Yoruba never wish that their unmarried
daughters get pregnant, but if such a pregnancy occurs, so long as the
man claims responsibility, the parents’ anger and disappointment will be
lessened. There is little or no stigma on the girl, the man, the baby,
as well as both parents, once the man has claimed responsibility and the
child has an identifiable father. No doubt, this worldview has its
drawbacks, but that is not our focus now.
Contrast that with the
practice in Igboland, where I was born and bred. When a teenage girl
gets pregnant, it is most likely that the man or boy responsible will
deny ever touching her. He may even disappear from the community, never
to be seen again, especially if he is not an indigene. The Igbo
tradition holds that the baby belongs to the girl’s family, because no
bride price has been paid, even though these days some individuals and
families go against that tradition. But the bottom line is that the
girl’s parents will feel utterly disappointed and ashamed of her. People
will make snide remarks about them not training their daughter
properly. Some parents go to the extreme of sending such a girl away.
Her school will rusticate her. If she is a member of the church choir,
Block Rosary, Girls’ Guide/Brigade, Red Cross, etc, in her local church,
other girls will be warned by such a church society never to be like
“the prodigal daughter.”
To avoid public odium, she will stay
indoors throughout the pregnancy. Her chances of marriage are
drastically reduced, as every prospective suitor who hears that she is a
single mother will change his mind (unless she becomes successful later
in life). If she eventually finds a husband, it may be as a second
wife: to a man whose first wife has not had a child or son, a widower, a
man her father’s age, or a man below her dreams of a husband. She may
never return to school to avoid ridicule, and her dreams to become a
doctor or lawyer dies.
On the contrary, if she miscarries, aborts
the pregnancy, or loses her baby during delivery or shortly after, she
becomes “a good girl again,” and can walk about with more confidence,
even though some may still sneer at her silently for a year or two.
So,
in response to my friend who said he had never seen a pregnant Igbo
spinster, this is the reason. It has nothing to do with Igbo girls being
more chaste than other girls in Nigeria. In the distant past, the Igbo
society had no respect for a girl who was not a virgin during marriage.
Today, virginity before marriage is no longer an issue. The unspoken law
is: Thou shall not be caught pregnant before marriage. An Igbo proverb
describes this mindset aptly: All dogs eat faeces, but it is only the
one that bears the remnants on its snout that is calledFaeces Eater.
Consequently, Igbo girls are more exposed to sex education and
contraceptives. When those two fail, they resort to abortion, commonly
called D & C (dilatation and curettage). But if the baby is born,
some resort to dumping of such babies in a pit toilet or a bush, where
they may die or be found by someone else.
However, while teenage
girls don’t need their babies, there are some women who need children
desperately: Married women with no child or no male child. Such women
are most times put under intense pressure by their mothers-in-law or
husbands. They are constantly threatened with divorce or a second wife,
or they are branded witches or “men”. To make matters worse, there seems
to have been a rise in childlessness among married couples in recent
times.
Furthermore, in most Igbo communities, adoption still has a
stigma. An adopted child is seen as not a “real son/daughter of the
soil.” Everyone wants a child that society will believe is a biological
child.
And so “demand” meets “supply.” Some smart alecs
discovered this and took advantage of the situation by setting up baby
factories under different guises. Childless women are given some special
“herbs” that make them have a false sense of pregnancy. They look
bloated like pregnant women and feel some sensation in their wombs. They
are warned never to visit any other hospital or do any scan, to avoid
losing the baby. They are told to come in and live in the so-called
maternities from the fifth or sixth month of “pregnancy” for special
attention. So they travel from the big cities of Lagos, Abuja, Port
Harcourt, etc, to these remote villages in the South-East to “deliver.”
Meanwhile,
the so-called midwife that administers the special herbs has a baby
factory where pregnant girls are housed. Some of these girls were kicked
out by their parents; some ran away from home to avoid the heavy
consequences; some are lured in from poor homes with a promise to be
handsomely rewarded if they could take in. Any day one of these girls in
their custody is delivered of a baby, the woman with a fake pregnancy
is given an injection that makes her feel she is in labour. When she
wakes up, she is presented with “her” baby. She pays between N400,000
and N600,000, depending on the sex of the child, believing she actually
delivered a child, unless a future DNA or blood test comes up. Even if
she suspects that she did not actually deliver any child, she keeps it a
secret and raises “her child”. She organises a big thanksgiving in her
church with a soul-lifting testimony of “divine visitation and favour”
after 15 years of marriage, with a lot to eat and drink at home after
the church service. The pressure on her from family and society eases
off, because now she has a child, who will keep her husband’s lineage
alive.
The real teenage mother of the child is paid off with an
amount that is less than N100,000. She is not much bothered because her
burden and stigma have been removed. She returns to her family and
education and continues her normal life as “a good girl.”
So from
one Igbo state to another, baby factories and baby thieves are
discovered regularly. During interrogation by the police, one point runs
through their stories: they are rendering a service to society by
ensuring that children are raised by those who have the financial
capacity to take care of them. There is no sign of remorse in them for
being involved in a heinous crime. As far as they are concerned, they
are making the world a happier place.
Therefore, it is not enough
for fellow Igbo people to feel mortified that such baby factories and
baby-stealing stories are emanating from different parts of Igboland.
The time has come for Igbo families and communities to stop treating
pregnant teenagers as the worst sinners on earth. Pregnancy before
marriage should not be encouraged, but if a girl makes such a mistake,
she should not be treated like an outcast for life. Such stigmatisation
does not discourage girls from having pre-marital sex. What it does is
to make them devise means — no matter how atrocious — to ensure that
they are not single mothers.
The sad truth is that most teenagers
get pregnant because of naivety rather than promiscuity. The girls who
are really sexually hyper-active never get pregnant! And even when they
do, such pregnancies are terminated in a matter of weeks before anyone
can notice.
In the same vein, the pressure on married women to
have children or male children as well as the stigma associated with
adoption makes many women undergo emotional trauma and also resort to
illegal ways of having children that society will call their biological
children. Action usually begets reaction. We must not cling to a vacuous
moral high ground that drives people to worse crimes in their bid to be
seen as chaste or well-trained.